Much data support an essential role for interleukin (IL)-2 in immune tolerance. This idea is
much different from the early paradigm in which IL-2 is central for protective immune …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a critical subset of T cells that mediate peripheral tolerance.
There are two types of Tregs: natural Tregs, which develop in the thymus, and induced …

Antigen stimulation of immune cells activates the transcription factor NFAT, a key regulator of
T cell activation and anergy. NFAT forms cooperative complexes with the AP-1 family of …

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is an inhibitory receptor on T cells essential for
maintaining T cell homeostasis and tolerance to self. Mice lacking CTLA-4 develop an early …

Suppression by T regulatory cells (Treg cells) is a major mechanism by which the immune
system controls responses to self and nonharmful foreign proteins. Although there are many …

Regulatory T cells (T reg) express Foxp3, a forkhead family member that is necessary and
sufficient for T reg lineage choice and function. Ectopic expression of Foxp3 in non-T reg …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and
preventing autoimmune disease. Tregs express the transcription factor Foxp3, which acts as …

The vertebrate immune system has evolved to deal with invasive pathogens, but this
adaptation comes at the expense of immunopathology. Among a number of mechanisms …

Signaling through IL-2 induces the activation of pathways that lead to the proliferation,
survival and cytokine production of effector T cells. However, through negative feedback …

The immune system has evolved numerous mechanisms of peripheral T cell
immunoregulation, including a network of regulatory T (Treg) cells, to modulate and down …