Whereas co-stimulation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and CD28 triggers T-cell
activation, stimulation of the TCR alone may result in an anergic state or T-cell deletion, both …

Responses to extracellular stimuli are often transduced from cell-surface receptors to protein
tyrosine kinases which, when activated, initiate the formation of protein complexes that …

Receptor desensitization is accomplished by accelerated endocytosis and degradation of
ligand–receptor complexes. An in vitro reconstituted system indicates that Cbl adaptor …

In response to diverse pathogenic and danger signals, the cytosolic activation of the NLRP3
(NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing (3)) inflammasome complex is a critical event in …

Cbl proteins are ubiquitin ligases and multifunctional adaptor proteins that are implicated in
the regulation of signal transduction in various cell types and in response to different stimuli …

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) coordinate a broad spectrum of cellular responses to
extracellular stimuli and cell–cell interactions during development, tissue homeostasis, and …

The proto‐oncogenic protein c‐Cbl was discovered as the cellular form of v‐Cbl, a retroviral
transforming protein. This was followed over the years by important discoveries, which …

Ubiquitin (Ub)-protein conjugation represents a novel means of posttranscriptional
modification in a proteolysis-dependent or-independent manner. E3 Ub ligases play a key …

Ligand-induced activation of surface receptors, including the epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR), is followed by a desensitization process involving endocytosis and …

Cbl family members have an evolutionarily conserved role in attenuating receptor tyrosine
kinase function. Their negative regulatory capacity depends on a Ring finger domain that …