Biointerfaces mediate safe and efficient cell manipulation, which is essential for biomedical
innovations in advanced therapies and diagnostics. The biointerface established by vertical …

Nano-bioelectronics represents a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field that combines
nanomaterials with biology and electronics and, in so doing, offers the potential to overcome …

Brain organoids are important models for mimicking some three-dimensional (3D)
cytoarchitectural and functional aspects of the brain. Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) that …

Materials patterned with high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures have features on similar length
scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular …

Microelectrode arrays and microprobes have been widely utilized to measure neuronal
activity, both in vitro and in vivo. The key advantage is the capability to record and stimulate …

At present, the prime methodology for studying neuronal circuit-connectivity, physiology and
pathology under in vitro or in vivo conditions is by using substrate-integrated microelectrode …

Deciphering the neuronal code—the rules by which neuronal circuits store and process
information—is a major scientific challenge,. Currently, these efforts are impeded by a lack of …

The plasma membrane (PM) is often described as a wall, a physical barrier separating the
cell cytoplasm from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Yet, this wall is a highly dynamic structure …

Three-dimensional microelectrode arrays (3D MEAs) have emerged as promising tools to
detect electrical activities of tissues or organs in vitro and in vivo, but challenges in achieving …

Intracellular recording of action potentials is important to understand electrically-excitable
cells. Recently, vertical nanoelectrodes have been developed to achieve highly sensitive …