According to some estimates, more than half of the world's population is multilingual to some
extent. Because of the centrality of language use to human experience and the deep …

Acquiring and speaking a second language increases demand on the processes of
language control for bilingual as compared to monolingual speakers. Language control for …

A landmark account of the neurobiological basis of language—arguing that species-specific
brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Language makes …

There is currently no agreement on which factor modulates most effectively and enduringly
brain plasticity in bilingual individuals. Grouping heterogeneous linguistic profiles under a …

We investigated the independent contributions of second language (L2) age of acquisition
(AoA) and social diversity of language use on intrinsic brain organization using seed-based …

A large body of research has indicated that bilingualism–through continual practice in
language control–may impact cognitive functions, as well as relevant aspects of brain …

Despite the multifactorial space of language experience in which people continuously vary,
bilinguals are often dichotomized into ostensibly homogeneous groups. The timing of …

This chapter discusses the use of functional neuroimaging to investigate second language
(L2) brain organization. The chapter begins with some historical perspective, including an …

This volume is the first handbook dedicated to language attrition, the study of how a
speaker's language may be affected by crosslinguistic interference and non-use. The effects …

Learning and using additional languages can result in structural changes in the brain.
However, the time course of these changes, as well as the factors the predict them, are still …