Oceanic motions with spatial scales of 200 m–20 km, called submesoscales, are ubiquitous
in the upper ocean and serve as a key intermediary between larger-scale balanced …

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress
achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology …

Fine-scale currents, O (1–100 km, days–months), are actively involved in the transport and
transformation of biogeochemical tracers in the ocean. However, their overall impact on …

Ocean current is one of the major drivers of water mass, energy, and biogeochemical cycles
in the global ocean–atmosphere boundary layer and also a key variable in the formation of …

A long-standing challenge in oceanography is the observing, modeling, and prediction of
vertical transport, which links the sunlit and atmospherically mediated surface boundary …

It has been hypothesized that submesoscale flows play an important role in the vertical
transport of climatically important tracers, due to their strong associated vertical velocities …

The ocean surface mixed layer represents a critical interface linking the ocean and
atmosphere. The physical processes determining the surface mixed layer properties and …

Horizontal and vertical motions associated with mesoscale (10–100 km) and submesoscale
(1–10 km) features, such as fronts, meanders, eddies, and filaments, play a critical role in …

In frontal zones, water masses that are tens of kilometers in extent with origins in the mixed
layer can be identified in the pycnocline for days to months. Here, we explore the pathways …

Measuring vertical motions represent a challenge as they are typically 3–4 orders of
magnitude smaller than the horizontal velocities. Here, we show that surface vertical …