Background Maternal smoking during pregnancy may be associated with low birth weight
(LBW) in offspring and global risk estimates have not been summarized previously. We …

Nicotine, one of the more than 4700 ingredients in tobacco smoke, is a neurotoxin and once
used as pesticides in agriculture. Although its use in agriculture is prohibited in many …

Background Mental disorders in pregnancy are common causes of morbidity and mortality
with associated risks of adverse neonatal outcomes. Our aims were to evaluate the …

Background Causal explanations for the association of young motherhood with increased
risk for child attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remain unclear. Methods The …

Objective: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is a key factor influencing birth outcome.
Dietary diversity is a proxy for multiple macro-and/or micronutrient sufficiency of an …

Background Low birth weight (LBW) is still a significant problem in Indonesia because it
affects the growth and development of infants. It is also one of the factors that increase the …

Abstract Background: Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) is an important indicator of health and
development of infants throughout their life. Aims: This study aimed to determine the …

Background: To our knowledge, the association of maternal exposure to metallic elements
with weight trajectory pattern from the neonatal period has not been investigated. Objectives …

Purpose The effect of tobacco exposure on the oral microbiome has not been established.
Methods We performed amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene V4 variable …

Smoking during pregnancy is associated with multiple undesirable outcomes in infants, such
as low birth weight, increased neonatal morbidity and mortality, and catastrophic conditions …