We trained two spiking neural networks (SNNs), the cortical spiking network (CSN) and the
cortical neuron–astrocyte network (CNAN), using a spike-based unsupervised method, on …

In the nervous system, information is conveyed by sequence of action potentials, called
spikes-trains. As MacKay and McCulloch suggested, spike-trains can be represented as bits …

Spiking networks, as the third generation of neural networks, are of great interest today due
to their low power consumption in cognitive processes. This important characteristic has …

Supervised learning of spiking neurons is an effective simulation method to explore the
learning mechanism of real neurons. Desired output spike trains are often used as …

McCulloch and Pitts hypothesized in 1943 that the brain is entirely composed of logic gates,
akin to current computers' IP cores, which led to several neural analogs of Boolean logic …

This paper introduces a two-layer network to investigate the effects of cortico-thalamic
circuits on the cortexʼs collective behavior. In the brain, different parts of the cortex …

To make ANNs have the ability of logical processing in order to fulfil the urgent requirement
that computers can automatically judge according to numerous specific conditions …