Ecosystem services are natural processes that benefit humans. Birds contribute the four
types of services recognized by the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment—provisioning …

Parasitic plants have profound effects on the ecosystems in which they occur. They are
represented by some 4000 species and can be found in most major biomes. They acquire …

▪ Abstract Mistletoes are a diverse group of parasitic plants with a worldwide distribution. The
hemiparasitic growth form is critical to understanding their biology, buffering variation in …

Seed dispersal can be advantageous (1) in escape from density-or distance-dependent
seed and seedling mortality,(2) by colonization of suitable sites unpredictable in space and …

In this paper we analyze the seed dispersal stage of the Prunus mahaleb–frugivorous bird
interaction from fruit removal through seed delivery within the context of disperser …

Plant Disease/July 2008 989 mistletoes, but studies have not yet confirmed their role in this
process (138). Dispersal. The coevolution of mistletoes with their avian vectors has resulted …

Summary 1 Frugivores disperse the seeds of the majority of woody plant species world‐
wide. Thus, insights on how frugivores influence the dispersal of plants and the variability of …

Mistletoes are aerial, hemiparasitic plants found on trees throughout the world. They have
unique ecological arrangements with the host plants they parasitize and the birds that …

Host specificity has been investigated for centuries in mistletoes, viruses, insects,
parasitoids, lice and flukes, yet it is poorly understood. Reviewing the numerous studies on …

Dispersal processes have important effects on plant distribution and abundance. Although
adaptations to long range dispersal (telechory) are by no means rare in desert plants, many …