Xanthomonas spp. encompass a wide range of plant pathogens that use numerous
virulence factors for pathogenicity and fitness in plant hosts. In this Review, we examine …

The gene-for-gene concept has historically been applied to describe a specific resistance
interaction wherein single genes from the host and the pathogen dictate the outcome. These …

Bacterial blight of rice is an important disease in Asia and Africa. The pathogen,
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), secretes one or more of six known transcription …

Bacterial blight of rice is caused by the γ‐proteobacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae,
which utilizes a group of type III TAL (transcription activator‐like) effectors to induce host …

Bacterial plant‐pathogenic Xanthomonas strains translocate transcription activator‐like
(TAL) effectors into plant cells to function as specific transcription factors. Only a few plant …

Transcription activator‐like effectors (TALE s) from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. and
the related Rip TAL s from Ralstonia solanacearum are DNA‐binding proteins with a …

The application of small amounts of natural plant growth hormones, such as gibberellins
(GAs), can increase the productivity and quality of many vegetable and fruit crops. However …

SWEET genes encode sugar transporter proteins and often function as susceptibility (S)
genes. Consequently, the recessive alleles of these SWEET genes provide resistance. This …

Pathogenic bacteria inject effector proteins into host cells to manipulate cellular processes
and facilitate the infection. Transcription-activator-like effectors (TALEs), an effector class in …

Many plant-pathogenic xanthomonads rely on Transcription Activator-Like (TAL) effectors to
colonize their host. This particular family of type III effectors functions as specific plant …