Infertility affects one in six of the population and increasingly couples require treatment with
assisted reproductive techniques. In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment is most commonly …

The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test represents a key step in assessing Leydig
cell function in prepubertal males, but differences in terms of hCG doses, number of …

Testosterone is essential to maintain qualitative spermatogenesis. Nonetheless, no studies
have been yet performed in humans to analyze the testosterone-mediated expression of …

Objective The maturation of oocytes to acquire competence for fertilization is critical to the
success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. It requires LH-like exposure, provided by …

Background The peptide hormone insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a marker for Leydig cell
function and the clinical use of serum INSL3 measurements has been suggested by several …

Context The diagnosis of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) in prepuberty
has always been challenging. Here, we aimed at studying the clinical and genetic features …

Background: The circulating level of the peptide hormone insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is a
promising diagnostic marker reflecting Leydig cell function in the male. Few commercial …

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Are GnRH tests and serum inhibin B levels sufficiently
discriminating to distinguish transient constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) …

Background Testosterone treatment is generally not recommended in men with obesity
induced low serum testosterone. However, distinguishing this condition from overt …

Context Limited data exist regarding whether the endocrine response to the gonadotropin-
releasing hormone receptor agonist (GnRHa) triptorelin differs in women with polycystic …