Raft is a consensus algorithm for managing a replicated log. It produces a result equivalent
to (multi-) Paxos, and it is as efficient as Paxos, but its structure is different from Paxos; this …

The first SCION book, published in 2017, summarized the results of eight years of work by
over a dozen researchers. Now, five years later, we have completely rewritten the book. It …

Distributed consensus is fundamental to building fault-tolerant systems. It allows a collection
of machines to work as a coherent group that can survive the failures of some of its …

We discuss the workflows supported by the TLA+ Toolbox to write and verify specifications.
We focus on features that are useful in industry because its users are primarily engineers …

Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) protocols cover a broad spectrum of design dimensions from
infrastructure settings, such as the communication topology, to more technical features, such …

This paper describes formal specification and verification of Lamport's Multi-Paxos algorithm
for distributed consensus. The specification is written in TLA+, Lamport's Temporal Logic of …

We present LISA, a proof system and proof assistant for constructing proofs in schematic first-
order logic and axiomatic set theory. The logical kernel of the system is a proof checker for …

To implement a blockchain, the trend is now to integrate a non-trivial Byzantine fault-tolerant
consensus algorithm instead of the seminal idea of waiting to receive blocks to decide upon …

Lamport's celebrated Paxos consensus protocol is generally viewed as a complex hard-to-
understand algorithm. Notwithstanding its complexity, in this paper, we take a step towards …

The results of electronic elections should be verifiable so that any cheating is detected. To
support this, many protocols employ an electronic bulletin board (BB) for publishing data that …