In 1998, Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz proposed that the Implicit Association Test (IAT)
measures individual differences in implicit social cognition. This claim requires evidence of …

Implicit self-esteem (ISE), which is often defined as automatic self-evaluations, fuses
research on unconscious processes with that on self-esteem. As ISE is viewed as immune to …

In a prior publication, I used structural equation modeling of multimethod data to examine
the construct validity of Implicit Association Tests. The results showed no evidence that IATs …

Do self-enhancement/self-protection and self-esteem reflect fundamental human motivations
or are they culturally bound occurrences? The debate on universalism versus cultural …

Much of human thought, feeling, and behavior unfolds automatically. Indirect measures of
cognition capture such processes by observing responding under corresponding conditions …

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is the most widely used instrument to assess self-esteem.
In light of the absence of adaptations in Colombia, this study seeks to validate and adapt this …

When the multivariate normality assumption is violated in structural equation modeling, a
leading remedy involves estimation via normal theory maximum likelihood with robust …

Researchers are often advised to write balanced scales (containing an equal number of
positively and negatively worded items) when measuring psychological attributes. This …

Cronbach and Meehl (1955) introduced the concept of construct validity and described how
researchers can demonstrate that their measures have construct validity. Although the term …

Research on narcissists' explicit self-esteem (ESE) and implicit self-esteem (ISE) is
characterized by a wide array of competing hypotheses and inconsistent empirical findings …