This paper reviews literature on the aerodynamics and morphodynamics of sand fences. We
consider both wind fences for reducing wind erosion, and sand-trapping fences for …

Agricultural practices dominate over climatic variability in determining temporal variability in
dust blowing on cropland in the USA. Farming operations that increase wind erosion and …

In recent years high-resolution numerical simulation of surface–plant–air interactions as an
important part of global circulation models (GCM) or as a tool to assist in planning decisions …

The mechanisms by which a porous windbreak modifies airflow, microclimates and hence
crop yields are addressed, based upon recent wind tunnel experiments, field observations …

Perturbations of mean and turbulent wind characteristics by large wind turbines modify
fluxes between the vegetated surface and the lower boundary layer. While simulations have …

Sharp heterogeneities in forest structure, such as edges, are often responsible for wind
damage. In order to better understand the behaviour of turbulent flow through canopy edges …

The shelter effect of a windbreak protects aggregate piles and provides a reduction of
particle emissions in harbours. RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations) …

This chapter provides practical information for landowners, producers, conservation
professionals, and students. It shows how windbreaks work, how organisms respond to wind …

Lange bevor Leonardo da Vinci beobachtete, dass in einer Strömung die schlanken Körper
einen geringeren Widerstand aufweisen, als die stumpfen, hat die Menschheit von dieser …

A modification of the most popular two-equation (E–φ) models, taking into account the plant
drag, is proposed. Here E is the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and φ is any of the following …