Human fear conditioning research since Watson's case study on “Little Albert” has vastly
evolved and its impact today is reaching far beyond phobic anxiety. This review focuses on …

Stress and pain are interleaved at multiple levels-interacting and influencing each other.
Both are modulated by psychosocial factors including fears, beliefs, and goals, and are …

Pain is an individualized experience for the person suffering from chronic pain. Significant
strides have been made in the last few decades in understanding various biological …

All preclinical procedures for analgesic drug discovery involve two components: 1) a “pain
stimulus”(the principal independent variable), which is delivered to an experimental subject …

Hot-iron disbudding, a routine procedure that prevents horn bud growth through
cauterization, is painful for calves. The resulting burns remain sensitive to touch for weeks …

Pain memories are hypothesized to be critically involved in the transition of pain from an
acute to a chronic state. To help elucidate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of …

Prominent clinical models of chronic pain propose a fundamental role of classical
conditioning in the development of pain-related disability. If classical conditioning is key to …

Objective To conduct a comprehensive search for evidence with regard to whether central
sensitization after an injury can act as a persistent autonomous pain generator after the …

In medicine, the positive Hawthorne effect is defined as decreased symptom expression due
to being observed. This effect occurs in addition to the decrease in symptom experience due …

There is an ongoing debate about whether pain can be classically conditioned, but
surprisingly, evidence is scarce. Here, we report 3 experiments investigating this idea. In a …