Clouds and hazes are commonplace in the atmospheres of solar system planets and are
likely ubiquitous in the atmospheres of extrasolar planets as well. Clouds affect every aspect …

The early Earth's environment is controversial. Climatic estimates range from hot to glacial,
and inferred marine pH spans strongly alkaline to acidic. Better understanding of early …

Recognizing whether a planet can support life is a primary goal of future exoplanet spectral
characterization missions, but past research on habitability assessment has largely ignored …

The habitable zone (HZ) is the circumstellar region where a planet can sustain surface liquid
water. Searching for terrestrial planets in the HZ of nearby stars is the stated goal of ongoing …

Context. The characterisation of the atmosphere of exoplanets is one of the main goals of
exoplanet science in the coming decades. Aims. We investigate the detectability of …

A planetary atmosphere is the outer gas layer of a planet. Besides its scientific significance
among the first and most accessible planetary layers observed from space, it is closely …

Context. A terrestrial planet is molten during formation and may remain molten due to
intense insolation or tidal forces. Observations favour the detection and characterisation of …

Abstract Resolving Orbital and Climate Keys of Earth and Extraterrestrial Environments with
Dynamics (ROCKE-3D) is a three-dimensional General Circulation Model (GCM) developed …

Atmospheric temperature and mixing ratio profiles of terrestrial planets vary with the spectral
energy flux distribution for different types of M-dwarf stars and the planetary gravity. We …

The prevalence of clouds in currently observable exoplanetary atmospheres motivates the
compilation and calculation of their optical properties. First, we present a new open-source …