Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second leading neurodegenerative disease that is
characterized by severe locomotor abnormalities. Levodopa (L-DOPA) treatment has been …

Withdrawal from opioids involves a negative affective state that promotes maintenance of
drug-seeking behavior and relapse. As such, understanding the neurobiological …

Chronic adolescent marijuana use has been linked to the later development of psychiatric
diseases such as schizophrenia. GABAergic hypofunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a …

Evidence suggests that the phytocannabinoids Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and
cannabidiol (CBD) differentially regulate salience attribution and psychiatric risk. The ventral …

Schizophrenia-related psychosis is associated with disturbances in mesolimbic dopamine
(DA) transmission, characterized by hyperdopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic pathway …

Considerable evidence suggests that adolescent exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocanabinol
(THC), the psychoactive component in marijuana, increases the risk of developing …

Drug-seeking in opioid dependence is due in part to the severe negative emotion
associated with the withdrawal syndrome. It is well-established that negative emotional …

Considerable evidence demonstrates strong comorbidity between nicotine dependence and
mood and anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, the neurobiological mechanisms linking …

This paper is the thirty-sixth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2013 …

Emerging evidence from both basic and clinical research demonstrates an important role for
endocannabinoid (ECB) signaling in the processing of emotionally salient information …