Given the high incidence of BAV dysfunction requiring surgical intervention and the high
incidence of associated TAA formation8–10, 14–18 (Table), the BAV condition should be …

Heart malformations are common congenital defects in humans. Many congenital heart
defects involve anomalies in cardiac septation or valve development, and understanding the …

The valves of the heart develop in the embryo from precursor structures called endocardial
cushions. After cardiac looping, endocardial cushion swellings form and become populated …

The arterial pole of the heart is the region where the ventricular myocardium continues as
the vascular smooth muscle tunics of the aorta and pulmonary trunk. It has been shown that …

Background: Mouse mutants are used to model human congenital cardiovascular disease.
Few studies exist comparing normal cardiovascular development in mice vs. humans. We …

Objectives: The aim of this study was to decide whether bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) with
fused right and noncoronary leaflets (RN) and BAVs with fused right and left leaflets (RL) …

The Notch signaling pathway has been demonstrated to play a critical role during
mammalian cardiac development based on recent findings from gene-targeted mice. In …

The heart is a remarkably complex organ. Teaching its details to medical students and
clinical trainees can be very difficult. Despite the complexity, accurate recognition of these …

Rationale: Formation of heart valves requires early endocardial to mesenchymal
transformation (EMT) to generate valve mesenchyme and subsequent endocardial cell …

As the current paradigms of drug discovery evolve, it has become clear that a more
comprehensive understanding of the interactions between small molecules and organismal …