Simple Summary Farmers should focus on milk quality over quantity. However, in some
situations, more attention is focused on the amount of milk produced. In the long term, this …

Environmental mastitis is the most common and costly form of mastitis in modern dairy herds
where contagious transmission of intramammary pathogens is controlled through …

Mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland, can be caused by a wide range of organisms,
including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasmas and algae. Many …

Objectives This review summarizes the literature on the role of virulence and antimicrobial
resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis, focusing on the association …

The genus Prototheca consists of achlorophyllic algae that are ubiquitous in the
environment and animal intestines. However, this organism has forfeited its photosynthetic …

Prototheca mastitis has recently become an emerging disease; although its incidence is
increasing steadily, its epidemiology remains largely understudied. The aim of this work was …

Prototheca microalgae were only recognized as pathogens of both humans and animals in
the 1960s; however, since then, these microbes have been drawing increasing interest in …

In 2014, ISHAM formed a new working group:“Medical Phycology: Protothecosis and
Chlorellosis.” The purpose of this working group is to help facilitate collaboration and …

Bovine mastitis is an important animal production disease that affects the dairy industry
globally. Studies have estimated the prevalence of this disease in approximately 30% of …

Prototheca species are unicellular, nonphotosynthetic, saprophytic, and occasionally
pathogenic, microalgae, with an extensive environmental reservoir. This study explores, for …