Motor control, which relies on constant communication between motor and sensory systems,
is crucial for spine posture, stability and movement. Adaptions of motor control occur in low …

Objective: To provide consensus-based recommendations for the use of noninvasive brain
stimulation in clinical practice. Methods: Systematic review of the literature searching for …

Objective: To test the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in addition to
group exercise on non-specific chronic low back pain. Design: Double-blinded randomized …

Low back pain (LBP) coincides with sensorimotor impairments, for example, reduced
lumbosacral tactile and proprioceptive acuity and postural control deficits. Recent functional …

A plethora of evidence supports the existence of neuromuscular changes in people with
chronic spinal pain (neck and low back pain), yet it is unclear whether neuromuscular …

Objective To investigate the effects of real repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS)
treatment compared to sham rPMS treatment on pain reduction and functional recovery of …

Integrative pain management is a person-centered model of pain care based on the
principles and practices of integrative medicine, including a focus on the restoration of …

Background: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a rare debilitating disorder
characterized by severe pain affecting one or more limbs. CRPS presents a complex …

Objectives Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential currents
(IFC) are pain electrotherapies with questioned efficacy. Studies of their effects on tactile …

Background Chronic pain involves communication between neural and immune systems.
Recent data suggest localization of glial (brain immune cells) activation to the sensorimotor …