A large number of signalling pathways converge on p53 to induce different cellular stress
responses that aim to promote cell cycle arrest and repair or, if the damage is too severe, to …

Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a ubiquitous enzyme, which appeared early in
evolution. TIM is responsible for obtaining net ATP from glycolysis and producing an extra …

Genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) may provide the recipient organism with
potentially new functions, but proper expression level and integration of the transferred …

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most important ectoparasites causing
significant economic losses for the cattle industry. The major tool of control is reducing the …

Recent years have seen a great expansion in our understandings of how silent mutations
can drive a disease and that mRNAs are not only mere messengers between the genome …

Translation of messenger RNA by a ribosome occurs three nucleotides at a time from start
signal to stop. However, a frameshift means that some nucleotides are read twice or some …

Deamidation, the loss of the ammonium group of asparagine and glutamine to form aspartic
and glutamic acid, is one of the most commonly occurring post-translational modifications in …

Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is an enzyme of the glycolysis pathway which exists in
almost all types of cells. Its structure is the prototype of a motif called TIM-barrel or (α/β) 8 …

Polypeptides can fold into tertiary structures while they are synthesized by the ribosome. In
addition to the amino acid sequence, protein folding is determined by several factors within …

Rare arginine codons AGA and AGG affect the heterologous expression of proteins in
Eschericha coli. The tRNAs necessary for protein synthesis are scarce in E. coli strain BL21 …