Learning by imitation is essential for transmitting many aspects of human culture, including
speech, language, art, and music. How the human brain enables imitation remains a …

Young songbirds memorize a tutor song and use the memory trace as a template to shape
their own song by auditory feedback. Major issues in birdsong research include the neural …

Microelectrodes enable localized electrical stimulation and recording, and they have
revolutionized our understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of systems that generate …

As in human speech acquisition, songbird vocal learning depends on early auditory
experience. During development, juvenile songbirds listen to and form auditory memories of …

We propose a model of songbird learning that focuses on avian brain areas HVC and RA,
involved in song production, and area LMAN, important for generating song variability …

Reviews of the songbird vocal control system frequently begin by describing the forebrain
nuclei and pathways that form anterior and posterior circuits involved in song learning and …

Play is a suite of apparently non‐functional, pleasurable behaviours observed in human and
non‐human animals. Although the phenomenon has been studied extensively, no …

Songbirds use auditory feedback to learn and maintain their songs, but how feedback
interacts with vocal motor circuitry remains unclear. A potential site for this interaction is the …

Birdsong, like human speech, relies critically on auditory feedback to provide information
about the quality of vocalizations. Although the importance of auditory feedback to vocal …

Norepinephrine (NE) plays a complex role in the behavioral state-dependent regulation of
sensory processing. However, the role of forebrain NE action in modulating high-order …