The immune system protects the host from pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi,
parasites). To deal with this array of threats, the immune system has evolved to include a …

Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when
administered in adequate amounts; however, dead bacteria and their components can also …

The gut microbiota represents a large community of microorganisms that play an important
role in immune regulation and maintenance of homeostasis. Living bacteria receive …

Importance Growing interest in microbial dysbiosis during critical illness has raised
questions about the therapeutic potential of microbiome modification with probiotics. Prior …

The human gut microbiome is a dynamic collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses
that performs essential functions for immune development, pathogen colonization …

Probiotics are widely prescribed for prevention of antibiotics-associated dysbiosis and
related adverse effects. However, probiotic impact on post-antibiotic reconstitution of the gut …

The gut microbiome has emerged as a key regulator of host metabolism. Here we review the
various mechanisms through which the gut microbiome influences the energy metabolism of …

The gastrointestinal microbiome is a diverse consortium of bacteria, archaea, fungi,
protozoa, and viruses that inhabit the gut of all mammals. Studies in humans and other …

The gut microbiome lies at the intersection between the environment and the host, with the
ability to modify host responses to disease-relevant exposures and stimuli. This is evident in …

3 Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China.
N Engl J Med 2020; published online Feb 28. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. 4 Chen N …