Sleep is universal, tightly regulated, and its loss impairs cognition. But why does the brain
need to disconnect from the environment for hours every day? The synaptic homeostasis …

We often assume that the variables of functional and structural brain parameters—such as
synaptic weights, the firing rates of individual neurons, the synchronous discharge of neural …

The role of astrocytes in neuronal function has received increasing recognition, but
disagreement remains about their function at the circuit level. Here we use in vivo two …

Does the brain use a firing rate code or a spike timing code? Considering this controversial
question from an epistemological perspective, I argue that progress has been hampered by …

Neurofeedback (NFB) is emerging as a promising technique that enables self-regulation of
ongoing brain oscillations. However, despite a rise in empirical evidence attesting to its …

Cortical circuits work through the generation of coordinated, large-scale activity patterns. In
sensory systems, the onset of a discrete stimulus usually evokes a temporally organized …

Modulation of interactions among neurons can manifest as dramatic changes in the state of
population dynamics in cerebral cortex. How such transitions in cortical state impact the …

Sensory function is mediated by interactions between external stimuli and intrinsic cortical
dynamics that are evident in the modulation of evoked responses by cortical state. A number …

Diffuse projections of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons and evidence of synchronous spiking
have long been perceived as features of global neuromodulation. Recent studies …

Animals make decisions under the principle of reward value maximization and surprise
minimization. It is still unclear how these principles are represented in the brain and are …