Chemokines are a family of small, secreted cytokines which regulate a variety of cell
functions. The CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) binds to CXC chemokine receptor …

Distant metastasis accounts for the vast majority of deaths in patients with cancer. Breast
cancer exhibits a distinct metastatic pattern commonly involving bone, liver, lung, and brain …

Chemokines mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes related primarily
to cell homing and migration. The chemokine CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived …

Stem cells have two features: the ability to differentiate along different lineages and the
ability of self-renewal. Two major types of stem cells have been described, namely …

Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cancer growth, metastasis, and
regulate resistance to chemotherapy. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) also known as …

Rapidly growing malignant tumors frequently encounter hypoxia and nutrient (eg, glucose)
deprivation, which occurs because of insufficient blood supply. This results in necrotic cell …

The'seed and soil'hypothesis for metastasis sets forth the concept that a conducive
microenvironment, or niche, is required for disseminating tumour cells to engraft distant …

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is currently the fourth leading cause for cancer-related mortality.
Stem cells have been implicated in pancreatic tumor growth, but the specific role of these …

Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, are comprised of a family of small cytokines
with 8-10 kilodaltons. Chemokines work in immune cells by trafficking and regulating cell …

After induction and specification in the ectoderm, at the border of the neural plate, the neural
crest (NC) population leaves its original territory through a delamination process. Soon …