The immune system comprises a complex group of processes that provide defense against
diverse pathogens. These defenses can be divided into innate and adaptive immunity, in …

The immune system is one of the most important parts of the human body and
immunomodulation is the major function of the immune system. In response to outside …

Thousands of literatures have described the diverse role of ginseng in physiological
processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, insulin resistance, and …

Traditional medicinal practices have used natural products such as adaptogens to treat
inflammatory, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, bacterial, and viral diseases since the early …

As an intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins, ginsenoside
compound K (20-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-20 (S)-protopanaxadiol, CK) is a major …

New generation vaccines such as recombinant, antigen purified and DNA vaccines are
poorly immunogenic due to the lack of an innate immune stimulus. Therefore, search of new …

Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in
a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome …

Coccidial parasites cause medical and veterinary diseases worldwide, frequently leading to
severe illness and important economic losses. At present, drugs, chemotherapeutics and …

Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the major active components of ginseng, which has been shown
to regulate the immune response of hosts. However, the mechanism underlying the …

Both white ginseng (WG, dried root of Panax sp.) and red ginseng (RG, steamed and dried
root of Panax sp.) are reported to exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects such as …