Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various
biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain …

In addition to providing animals with a source of directional or 'compass' information, Earth's
magnetic field also provides a potential source of positional or 'map'information that animals …

Vertebrate hippocampal formation is central to conversations on the comparative analysis of
spatial cognition, especially in light of variation found in different vertebrate classes …

A magnetic compass sense has been demonstrated in all major classes of vertebrates, as
well as in many invertebrates. In mammals, controlled laboratory studies of mice have …

Sensitivity to the earth's magnetic field is the least understood of the major sensory systems,
despite being virtually ubiquitous in animals and of widespread interest to investigators in a …

The Earth's magnetic field is formed in the outer core, where swirling, molten iron and nickel
create a self-exciting geodynamo driven by thermal convection (for an accessible review …

Navigation requires a network of neurons processing inputs from internally generated cues
and external landmarks. Most studies on the neuronal basis of navigation in vertebrates …

Evidence that animals use magnetic maps in navigation has come from magnetic
displacement experiments, in which animals subjected to magnetic fields that exist at distant …

Spontaneous magnetic alignment is the simplest known directional response to the
geomagnetic field that animals perform. Magnetic alignment is not a goal directed response …

Compelling evidence that animals use magnetic maps for navigation comes from magnetic
displacement experiments in which animals are exposed to magnetic signatures …