The capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of most pathogenic bacteria are T cell–independent
antigens whose conjugation to carrier proteins evokes a carbohydrate-specific response …

Prior to the onset of type 1 diabetes, there is progressive loss of immune self-tolerance,
evidenced by the accumulation of islet autoantibodies and emergence of autoreactive T …

Glycoconjugate vaccines have provided enormous health benefits globally, but they have
been less successful in some populations at high risk for developing disease. To identify …

Establishing effective central tolerance requires the promiscuous expression of tissue-
restricted antigens by medullary thymic epithelial cells. However, whether central tolerance …

Collagen type II (CII) is a relevant joint‐specific autoantigen in the pathogenesis of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Whereas the reasons for the breakage of self tolerance to this …

Background: Autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) are present in most
patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and associate with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) …

Carbohydrates as T cell-activating antigens have been generating significant interest. For
many years, carbohydrates were thought of as T-independent antigens, however, more …

The type of interaction between tumor-associated antigens and specialized antigen-
presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) is critical for the type of immunity that will be …

The functionality of proteins is greatly extended by a diverse array of post-translational
modifications (PTMs), many of which are recognized by the immune system. Notably, a …

From the earliest days in the field of tumor immunology three questions have been asked: do
cancer cells express tumor-specific antigens, does the immune system recognize these …