Porphyry deposits are large, low-grade metal ore bodies that are formed from hydrothermal
fluids derived from an underlying magma reservoir. They are important as major sources of …

Global data for measured Fe 2 O 3/FeO ratios and Cu contents in unaltered volcanic and
intrusive arc rocks indicate that, on average, they are slightly more oxidized than other …

Porphyry deposits supply most of the world's Cu and Mo resources. Over 90% of the
porphyry deposits are found at convergent margins, especially above active subduction …

Redox-sensitive transition group elements are involved in almost all fundamental
geochemical processes. Of these elements, vanadium (V) contributes a particularly powerful …

Arc magmas are important building blocks of the continental crust. Because many arc lavas
are oxidized, continent formation is thought to be associated with oxidizing conditions. On …

Differentiation of hydrous primary, mantle-derived magmas is a fundamental process to
generate evolved intermediate to SiO2-rich compositions forming the bulk of the continental …

Porphyry copper deposits account for more than 80% of the world's total Cu resources.
However, the formation mechanism and controlling factors of porphyry copper deposits …

Porphyry copper systems supply about 75% of the world's copper. They form above
subduction zones and are preferentially associated with calc-alkaline magmas,. Such …

Subducted crust refertilizes the subarc mantle wedge as well as the deep convecting mantle.
In the subarc region, mass transfer occurs mainly through fluids, melts, or supercritical …

The Earth has cooled over the past 4.5 billion years (Gyr) as a result of surface heat loss and
declining radiogenic heat production. Igneous geochemistry has been used to understand …