The honeybee Apis mellifera has emerged as a robust and influential model for the study of
classical conditioning, thanks to the existence of a powerful Pavlovian conditioning protocol …

Equipped with a mini brain smaller than one cubic millimeter and containing only 950,000
neurons, honeybees could be indeed considered as having rather limited cognitive abilities …

Animals discriminate stimuli, learn their predictive value and use this knowledge to modify
their behavior. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB) plays a key role in these processes …

Despite the importance of the insect nervous system for functional and developmental
neuroscience, descriptions of insect brains have suffered from a lack of uniform …

The mushroom body (MB) of the insect brain has important roles in odor learning and
memory and in diverse other brain functions. To elucidate the anatomical basis underlying …

A striking commonality across insects and vertebrates is the recurring presence of parallel
olfactory subsystems, suggesting that such an organization has a highly adaptive value …

Sensory coding represents a basic principle of all phyla in nature: species attempt to
perceive their natural surroundings and to make sense of them. Ultimately, sensory coding is …

Studies of the mushroom bodies of Drosophila melanogaster have suggested that their
gamma lobes specifically support short‐term memory, whereas their vertical lobes are …

The primary olfactory brain center, the antennal lobe (AL) in insects or the olfactory bulb in
vertebrates, is a notable example of a neural network for sensory processing. While …

The simplicity and accessibility of the olfactory systems of insects underlie a body of
research essential to understanding not only olfactory function but also general principles of …