Starting around 1999, a great many graphical password schemes have been proposed as
alternatives to text-based password authentication. We provide a comprehensive overview …

In traditional cryptosystems, user authentication is based on possession of secret keys; the
method falls apart if the keys are not kept secret (ie, shared with non-legitimate users) …

Despite three decades of intensive research efforts, it remains an open question as to what
is the underlying distribution of user-generated passwords. In this paper, we make a …

We report on the largest corpus of user-chosen passwords ever studied, consisting of
anonymized password histograms representing almost 70 million Yahoo! users, mitigating …

Cryptography, in particular public-key cryptography, has emerged in the last 20 years as an
important discipline that is not only the subject of an enormous amount of research, but …

Touch screens are an increasingly common feature on personal computing devices,
especially smartphones, where size and user interface advantages accrue from …

Passwords and the evolution of imperfect authentication Page 1 78 COMMUNICATIONS OF
THE ACM | JULY 2015 | VOL. 58 | NO. 7 contributed articles DOI:10.1145/2699390 Theory on …

Classic cryptographic protocols based on user-chosen keys allow an attacker to mount
password-guessing attacks. A combination of asymmetric (public-key) and symmetric (secret …

" It also provides a solid, up-to-date reference or self-study tutorial for system engineers,
programmers, system managers, network managers, product marketing personnel, system …

Although people have hidden secrets in plain sight-now called steganography-throughout
the ages, the recent growth in computational power and technology has propelled it to the …