Virtually all past leisure constraints research has been based on a conception of constraints
as insurmountable obstacles to leisure participation. Thus, it has typically been assumed …

This article assesses the status of hierarchical leisure constraints theory (Crawford &
Godbey, 1987; Crawford, Jackson, & Godbey, 1991) regarding many issues. Such issues …

Travel decision making has been extensively studied. Various models and theories have
been proposed to explain tourist behavior. Taking a new approach, this study applied the …

Four models of leisure constraint negotiation (independence, buffer, mitigation, reduction)
based on competing views of how constraint, negotiation, and motivation are interconnected …

Recreational specialization has generally been treated by leisure researchers as a measure
of intensity of involvement and has been used to explore variation among activity …

Travel personnel and tourism site managers are often ill prepared to assist travelers with
disabilities. The purpose of this study was to expand the understanding of constraints to …

A conceptual model tested the leisure constraints negotiation process of outdoor recreation:
motivation and the constraints to participate likely influenced by negotiation efforts. Higher …

If one accepts the premise that one of the main goals of leisure research is to understand
people's behavior in the leisure domain of their lives, and agrees with the observation that …

This exploratory paper has three objectives:(1) to develop categories for variables related to
two key components of leisure constraints negotiation—problems encountered and …

Constraints to participating in leisure activities have been extensively studied. Yet, while
increasing attention has been paid to this topic, little effort has been invested in …