The immune system has the daunting task of distinguishing between self and non-self. The
mucosal immune system, present along the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary …

Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in the homeostasis of the immune response. In addition
to CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, several subsets of Foxp3-regulatory T cells, such as T …

Soluble Ags devoid of inflammatory stimuli, derived for example from self-serum or food
proteins, induce T cell tolerance, predominantly in the spleen. In this study, we describe an …

Although the spleen is a major site where immune tolerance to circulating innocuous
antigens occurs, the kidney also contributes. Circulating antigens smaller than albumin are …

We re-examined the observation that γδ T cells, when transferred from mice tolerized to an
inhaled conventional Ag, suppress the allergic IgE response to this Ag specifically. Using …

The role of B cells in the development of CD4+ regulatory T cells has been emphasized
recently. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the antigen-presenting splenic B cells …

Oral tolerance is the active non-response by the immune system to an antigen administered
through the oral route. It is postulated that food hypersensitivity results from a breakdown in …

This study used an objective measure of vitamin D status during late pregnancy—25 (OH) D
concentrations in umbilical cord blood—rather than relying on estimates of vitamin D intake …

Tolerance induction to prevent activation of a naïve T‐cell repertoire has been well
documented in rodents and can be readily achieved by intravenous, oral or intranasal …

The immune system is extremely complex and critical to the survival of all species as it
protects them from attack by foreign micro-organisms and viruses. However the immune …