Animal testing has long been used in science to study complex biological phenomena that
cannot be investigated using two-dimensional cell cultures in plastic dishes. With time, it …

At a fundamental level most genes, signaling pathways, biological functions and organ
systems are highly conserved between man and all vertebrate species. Leveraging this …

Guanine rich regions of oligonucleotides fold into quadruple-stranded structures called G-
quadruplexes (G4s). Increasing evidence suggests that these G4 structures form in vivo and …

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most toxic forms of DNA damage and represent
a major source of genomic instability. Members of the bromodomain and extra-terminal …

Tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) is a cytosolic antibody receptor and E3
ubiquitin ligase that promotes destruction of a broad range of pathogens. TRIM21 also …

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by a defect in DNA interstrand
crosslink (ICL) repair, chromosomal instability, and a predisposition to cancer. Recently, two …

Two species of the clawed frog family, Xenopus laevis and X. tropicalis, are widely used as
tools to investigate both normal and disease-state biochemistry, genetics, cell biology, and …

RECQL4 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved RecQ family of 3'to 5'DNA helicases.
RECQL4 is critical for maintaining genomic stability through its functions in DNA repair …

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a homo-trimeric clamp complex that serves as
the molecular hub for various DNA transactions, including DNA synthesis and post …

Cas9 is a prokaryotic RNA-guided DNA endonuclease that binds substrates tightly in vitro
but turns over rapidly when used to manipulate genomes in eukaryotic cells. Little is known …