Molecular imprinting technology (MIT) produces artificial binding sites with precise
complementarity to substrates and thereby is capable of exquisite molecular recognition …

Fluorescence imaging has become a fundamental tool for biomedical applications;
nevertheless, its intravital imaging capacity in the conventional wavelength range (400–950 …

Thanks to their unique attributes, such as good sensitivity, selectivity, high surface-to-volume
ratio, and versatile optical and electronic properties, fluorescent-based bioprobes have been …

Lithium niobate (LiNbO3 or LN) is a well-known multifunctional crystal that has been widely
applied in various areas of photonics, electronics, and optoelectronics. In the past …

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have received tremendous interest in the area of
nanotechnology due to their unique properties and flexible dimensional structure. CNMs …

Nanocarbons with different dimensions (eg, 0D fullerenes and carbon nanodots, 1D carbon
nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, 2D graphene and graphene oxides, and 3D …

Detection of analytes by means of field-effect transistors bearing ligand-specific receptors is
fundamentally limited by the shielding created by the electrical double layer (the “Debye …

The study of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) for biomedical applications has attracted
great attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties including thermal …

The optical technology presents non-invasive, non-destructive, and non-ionizing features
and has the ability to display various chemical components in tissues to provide useful …

Low-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials can harness tightly confined polaritonic
waves to deliver unique advantages for nanophotonic biosensing. The reduced …