Explanations for the coexistence of many closely related species in inland waters continue
to be generated more than 50 years after Hutchinson's question: why are there so many …

Environmental calcium is a major factor affecting the distribution of freshwater gastropods.
Whilst the effects on growth and morphology are fairly well understood, little is known about …

Trait compensation occurs when mechanically independent adaptations are negatively
correlated. Here, we report the first study to demonstrate trait compensation in predator …

The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, continues to spread from its native range in
Eurasia to Europe and North America, causing billions of dollars in damage and …

Warming, eutrophication, and increased omnivory by small-sized fish are global change
processes that induce major effects on the food web structure and primary producers of …

In snails there is an intimate relation between shell size, thickness, strength and calcium
content that may be influenced by environmental factors such as predation and heavy metal …

The invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata is known as an omnivorous species, but
there are only few reports of its predation. This study examined the potential of this snail as a …

Inducible defences are adaptive phenotypes that arise in response to predation threats.
Such plasticity incurs costs to individuals, but there has been little interest in how such …

Mollusc and brachiopod shells have served as biological armour for hundreds of millions of
years. Studying shell strength in compression experiments can provide insights into …

This study aims to assess the macroinvertebrate communities, diversity and ecological
quality (expressed as BMWP-Viet) of rivers on a tropical island. Environmental factors …