Female genitalia have been largely neglected in studies of genital evolution, perhaps due to
the long‐standing belief that they are relatively invariable and therefore taxonomically and …

Traumatic insemination refers to mating in which males pierce the female's integument with
his penis for insemination. Strepsiptera are often listed as an example for this mode of …

The evolution of female genitalia has historically received less attention than male
reproductive organs. Several papers have underscored the disparities in research efforts …

Traumatic insemination describes an unusual form of mating during which a male
penetrates the body wall of its female partner to inject sperm. Females unable to prevent …

Coevolution of male and female genitalia is widespread in animals. Nevertheless, few
studies have examined the mechanics of genital interactions during mating. We …

Despite their evolutionary and biomedical importance, studies of the morphology and
function of female genitalia have continued to lag behind those of male genitalia. While …

Our understanding of genital evolution comes largely from studies of male genitalia.
Females have received far less attention because of the difficulties inherent in quantifying …

Sexual conflict over mating may induce male mate-guarding prolonged in time in the
absence of males, via devices such as mating plugs, widespread in insects. In most …

Animal genitalia are thought to evolve rapidly and divergently in response to sexual
selection. Studies of genital evolution have focused largely on male genitalia. The paucity of …

Our understanding of coevolution between male genitalia and female traits remains
incomplete. This is perhaps especially true for genital traits that cause internal injuries in …