An improved understanding of stem cell niches, organogenesis, and disease models has
paved the way for developing a three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture system. Organoid …

The microbiome, the collection of microbial species at a site or compartment, has been an
underappreciated realm of human health up until the last decade. Mounting evidence …

Transgender and gender diverse individuals may seek gender-affirming medical care, such
as hormone therapy or surgery, to produce primary and/or secondary sex characteristics that …

The vaginal microenvironment is key in mediating susceptibility to sexually transmitted
infections. A polymicrobial environment with reduced Lactobacilllus spp. is characteristic of …

The air‐liquid interface (ALI) approach is primarily used to mimic respiratory tract epithelia in
vitro. It is also known to support excellent differentiation of 3D multilayered skin models. To …

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by depletion of Lactobacillus and overgrowth of
anaerobic and facultative bacteria, leading to increased mucosal inflammation, epithelial …

One of the most intriguing issues in the hepatitis E virus (HEV) field is the significant
increase in mortality rates of the mother and fetus when infection occurs in the second and …

Purpose Evidence on the association between contraceptive use and risk of sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) is lacking, with few prospective …

The intact vaginal epithelium is essential for women's reproductive health and provides
protection against HIV and sexually transmitted infections. How this epithelium maintains …

Abstract 2D cell culture systems have historically provided controlled, reproducible means to
analyze host–pathogen interactions observed in the human reproductive tract. Although …