Abstract The EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific
purposes and other EU regulations, such as REACH and the Cosmetic Products Regulation …

During the past few decades, the science of toxicology has been undergoing a
transformation from observational to predictive science. New approach methodologies …

The long-term investment in new approach methodologies (NAMs) within the EU and other
parts of the world is beginning to result in an emerging consensus of how to use information …

While whole animal studies have their place in risk assessment of food and feed
components, it is thought that more modern approaches such as human focused new …

Introduction Toxicity data are unavailable for many thousands of chemicals in commerce
and the environment. Therefore, risk assessors need to rapidly screen these chemicals for …

The goal of the present study was to develop an online web-based toolbox that contains
generic physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models for rats and humans, including …

Insufficient data on nano-and microplastics (NMP) hinder robust evaluation of their potential
health risks. Methodological disparities and the absence of established toxicity thresholds …

For almost fifteen years, the availability and regulatory acceptance of new approach
methodologies (NAMs) to assess the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion …

Marine mammals, due to their long life span, key position in the food web, and large lipid
deposits, often face significant health risks from accumulating contaminants. This systematic …

Exposure science is evolving from its traditional “after the fact” and “one chemical at a time”
approach to forecasting chemical exposures rapidly enough to keep pace with the …