C4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently from ancestral C3 photosynthesis
in a broad range of flowering land plant families and in both monocots and dicots. The …

Global climate change is a challenge for efforts to ensure food security for future
generations. It will affect crop yields through changes in temperature and precipitation, as …

Leaves are asymmetric, with different functions for adaxial and abaxial tissue. The bundle
sheath (BS) of C3 barley (Hordeum vulgare) is dorsoventrally differentiated into three types …

Crop yield depends on efficient allocation of sucrose from leaves to seeds. In Arabidopsis,
phloem loading is mediated by a combination of SWEET sucrose effluxers and subsequent …

Background: Maize mesophyll (M) cells play important roles in various biological processes
such as photosynthesis II and secondary metabolism. Functional differentiation occurs …

Abstract Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis, is an
essential signal metabolite in plants, linking growth and development to carbon status. Our …

The highly efficient C4 photosynthetic pathway is facilitated by 'Kranz'leaf anatomy. In Kranz
leaves, closely spaced veins are encircled by concentric layers of photosynthetic bundle …

In grain crops such as maize (Zea mays), leaf angle (LA) is a key agronomic trait affecting
light interception and thus planting density and yield. Nitrogen (N) affects LA in plants, but …

The two-cell type C4 photosynthetic pathway requires both anatomical and biochemical
specialization to achieve a functional CO2-concentrating mechanism. While a great deal of …

Research on C4 and C3‐C4 photosynthesis has attracted significant attention because the
understanding of the genetic underpinnings of these traits will support the introduction of its …