Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration
ensures that the frequency and depth of breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In …

Vasopressin (AVP) is a key neurohormone involved in the regulation of body functions. Due
to its urine-concentrating effect in the kidneys, it is often referred to as antidiuretic hormone …

Respiratory chemoreceptor activity encoding arterial Pco2 and Po2 is a critical determinant
of ventilation. Currently, the relative importance of several putative chemoreceptor …

While respiratory adaptation to exercise is compulsory to cope with the increased metabolic
demand, the neural signals at stake remain poorly identified. Using neural circuit tracing and …

Hemorrhage initially triggers a rise in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) that maintains blood
pressure (BP); however, SNA is suppressed following severe blood loss causing …

The rostral half of the ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and adjacent ventrolateral retropontine
region (henceforth RVLMRP) have been divided into various sectors by neuroscientists …

An interoceptive homeostatic system monitors levels of CO2/H+ and provides a
proportionate drive to respiratory control networks that adjust lung ventilation to maintain …

Breathing is composed of multiple, distinct behaviors that are bidirectionally regulated
through autonomic and voluntary mechanisms. One behavioral component is the sigh …

Mutations in the transcription factors encoded by PHOX2B or LBX1 correlate with congenital
central hypoventilation disorders. These conditions are typically characterized by …

Active expiration is essential for increasing pulmonary ventilation during high chemical drive
(hypercapnia). The lateral parafacial (pFL) region, which contains expiratory neurones …