The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its homologs from
diverse marine animals are widely used as universal genetically encoded fluorescent labels …

Cardiomyocytes are subjected to the intense mechanical stress and metabolic demands of
the beating heart. It is unclear whether these cells, which are long-lived and rarely renew …

Alterations in mitophagy have been increasingly linked to aging and age-related diseases.
There are, however, no convenient methods to analyze mitophagy in vivo. Here, we …

We sought to develop a sensitive and quantitative technique capable of monitoring the
entire flux of autophagy involving fusion of lysosomal membranes. We observed the …

The biogenesis of mammalian autophagosomes remains to be fully defined. Here, we used
cellular and in vitro membrane fusion analyses to show that autophagosomes are formed …

Intracellular pH affects protein structure and function, and proton gradients underlie the
function of organelles such as lysosomes and mitochondria. We engineered a genetically …

Mitophagy is essential to maintain mitochondrial function and prevent diseases. It activates
upon mitochondria depolarization, which causes PINK1 stabilization on the mitochondrial …

Mitochondrial quality control, which is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, has been
considered to be achieved exclusively through mitophagy. Here we report an alternative …

In cultured cells, not many mitochondria are degraded by mitophagy induced by
physiological cellular stress. We observed mitophagy in HeLa cells using a method that …