Abstract Purpose of Review Substantial advancements have been made in the cause,
diagnosis, imaging, and treatment options available for patients with lumbar disc herniation …

Purpose To present the pathophysiology, biology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and
current treatment options for lumbar disc herniation. Methods A thorough literature search …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

Discogenic back pain is multifactorial; hence, physicians often struggle to identify the
underlying source of the pain. As a result, discogenic back pain is often hard to treat—even …

BACKGROUND: Regenerative medicine is a medical subspecialty that seeks to recruit and
enhance the body's own inherent healing armamentarium in the treatment of patient …

Background: Several cell-based therapies have been proposed in recent years the
management of low back pain, including the injection of medicinal signaling cells or …

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs)‐based therapies have shown a promised result for
intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) treatment. However, its molecular mechanisms …

Today, the application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes to
treat degenerative diseases has received attention. Due to the characteristics of these cells …

BACKGROUND: The use of bone marrow concentrate (BMC) for treatment of
musculoskeletal disorders has become increasingly popular over the last several years, as …

Background: Regenerative medicine interventions are applied to assist in the repair, and to
potentially replace or restore damaged tissue through the use of autologous/allogenic …