COVID-19 is a trending topic worldwide due to its immense impact on society. Recent trends
have shifted from acute effects towards the long-term morbidity of COVID-19. In this review …

Although the respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 are predominant, signs and symptoms
of an extra-pulmonary involvement are usually encompassed among the clinical picture of …

Injury, inflammation, and nerve damage initiate a wide variety of cellular and molecular
processes that culminate in hyperexcitation of sensory nerves, which underlies chronic …

Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of headache in
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to assess its association as a predictor for …

Angiotensins are a group of hormonal peptides and include angiotensin II and angiotensin 1–
7 produced by the renin angiotensin system. The biology, pharmacology and biochemistry of …

All preclinical procedures for analgesic drug discovery involve two components: 1) a “pain
stimulus”(the principal independent variable), which is delivered to an experimental subject …

Increasing evidence indicates that decreased brain blood flow, increased reactive oxygen
species (ROS) production, and proinflammatory mechanisms accelerate neurodegenerative …

Pain measures traditionally used in rodents record mere reflexes evoked by sensory stimuli;
the results thus may not fully reflect the human pain phenotype. Alterations in physical and …

Peptides are an important class of molecules with diverse biological activities. Many
endogenous peptides, especially neuropeptides and peptide hormones, play critical roles in …

Growing evidence implicates the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in multiple facets of
neuropathic pain (NP). This narrative review focuses primarily on the major bioactive RAS …