Conspiracy theories are abundant in social and political discourse, with serious
consequences for individuals, groups, and societies. However, psychological scientists have …

Scholarly efforts to understand conspiracy theories have grown significantly in recent years,
and there is now a broad and interdisciplinary literature. In reviewing this body of work, we …

Widespread belief in misinformation circulating online is a critical challenge for modern
societies. While research to date has focused on psychological and political antecedents to …

Online disinformation is considered a major challenge for modern democracies. It is widely
understood as misleading content produced to generate profits, pursue political goals, or …

Combating the spread of fake news remains a difficult problem. For this reason, it is
increasingly urgent to understand the phenomenon of fake news. This review aims to see …

Rationale Immunization is a critical tool in the fight against infectious disease epidemics.
Understanding hesitancy towards immunization is even more important nowadays, with the …

Developing effective interventions to counter misinformation is an urgent goal, but it also
presents conceptual, empirical, and practical difficulties, compounded by the fact that …

Science literacy is often held up as crucial for avoiding science-related misinformation and
enabling more informed individual and collective decision-making. But research has not yet …

Amid growing concerns about misinformation on social media, scholars, educators, and
commentators see news literacy as a means to improve critical media consumption. We use …

In this paper, we address the question of whether disinforming news spread online
possesses the power to change the prevailing political circumstances during an election …