Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with a complex,
poorly understood pathogenesis. Cerebral atrophy, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by neural cells play an essential role in brain
homeostasis and the crosstalk between neural cells and the periphery. EVs are diverse …

Wakefulness is driven by the widespread release of neuromodulators by the ascending
arousal system. Yet, it is unclear how these substances orchestrate state-dependent, global …

The term 'tripartite synapse'refers to a concept in synaptic physiology based on the
demonstration of the existence of bidirectional communication between astrocytes and …

Astrocytes contribute to the formation and function of synapses and are found throughout the
brain, where they show intracellular store–mediated Ca2+ signals. Here, using a membrane …

Biophysical signaling, an integral regulator of long-term cell behavior in both excitable and
non-excitable cell types, offers enormous potential for modulation of important cell functions …

Astrocytes comprise a heterogeneous cell population characterized by distinct
morphologies, protein expression and function. Unlike neurons, astrocytes do not generate …

Dynamic adjustments to neuronal energy supply in response to synaptic activity are critical
for neuronal function. Glial cells known as astrocytes have processes that ensheath most …

Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell in the brain, play critical roles in metabolic and
homeostatic functions of the Nervous System; however, their participation in coding …