Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of
environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 …

We formalize the Gaia hypothesis about the Earth climate system using advances in
theoretical biology based on the minimization of variational free energy. This amounts to the …

The Arctic Ocean has experienced rapid warming and sea ice loss in recent decades,
becoming the first open-ocean basin to experience widespread aragonite undersaturation …

The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in regulating global climate as a major sink for
atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and in global ocean biogeochemistry by supplying …

Since the middle of the past century, the Western Antarctic Peninsula has warmed rapidly
with a significant loss of sea ice but the impacts on plankton biodiversity and carbon cycling …

Abstract We assess the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake (1985–2018) using data sets gathered
in the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2. The Southern …

Within the framework of the Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean
(MEASO), this paper brings together analyses of recent trends in phytoplankton biomass …

Abstract The western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a climatically sensitive region where
foundational changes at the basis of the food web have been recorded; cryptophytes are …

The Northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP), located in West Antarctica, is amongst the most
impacted regions by recent warming events. Its vulnerability to climate change has already …

Background Antarctica and its unique biodiversity are increasingly at risk from the effects of
global climate change and other human influences. A significant recent element …