Zinc is an essential trace element that is crucial for growth, development, and the
maintenance of immune function. Its influence reaches all organs and cell types …

Background Many nutrients have powerful immunomodulatory actions with the potential to
alter susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, progression to …

Metals such as iron, manganese, copper, and zinc are recognized as essential trace
elements. These trace metals play critical roles in development, growth, and metabolism …

Helicobacter pylori is an organism associated with ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The
latter is one of the most prevalent malignancies and currently the fourth major cause of …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have important biological roles in pathogenesis
and intercellular interactions, but a general mechanism of OMV formation is lacking. Here …

Pathogenic bacteria must withstand diverse host environments during infection.
Environmental signals, such as pH, temperature, nutrient limitation, etc., not only trigger …

Since their development over 70 years, antibiotics are still the most effective strategy to treat
bacterial biofilms and infections. However, the overuse of antibiotics in human healthcare …

Microbial communities are spatially organized in both the environment and the human body.
Although patterns exhibited by these communities are described by microbial biogeography …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 4.4
billion individuals worldwide. However, its prevalence varies among different geographic …

Antimicrobial resistance is a recognized public health challenge that since its emergence
limits the therapeutic options available to veterinarians and clinicians alike, when treatment …