Daily dietary potassium (K+) intake may be as large as the extracellular K+ pool. To avoid
acute hyperkalemia, rapid removal of K+ from the extracellular space is essential. This is …

Membrane voltage controls the function of excitable cells and is mainly a consequence of
the ratio between the extra-and intracellular potassium concentration. Potassium …

Protein modification by ubiquitination plays a key evolutionarily conserved role in regulating
membrane proteins. Nedd4-2, a ubiquitin ligase, targets membrane proteins such as ion …

With-no-lysine (WNK) kinases coordinate volume and potassium homeostasis by regulating
renal tubular electrolyte transport. In the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), potassium …

K+ deficiency stimulates renal salt reuptake via the Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) of the
distal convoluted tubule (DCT), thereby reducing K+ losses in downstream nephron …

Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4-2 (Nedd4-2)
regulates the expression of Kir4. 1, thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC), and …

Key points Body Na+ content is tightly controlled by regulated urinary Na+ excretion. The
intrarenal mechanisms mediating adaptation to variations in dietary Na+ intake are …

Growth and development of a plant depends entirely on the availability of macronutrients. In
nature macronutrients are not the limited elements, indeed, it is adequately present in soil …

Mammalian WNK kinases (WNKs) are serine/threonine kinases that contain four members,
WNK1–4. They function to maintain ion homeostasis and regulate blood pressure in …

Blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian pattern that rises during the active phase of the day
(morning surge) and decreases during the inactive (night dipping) phase of the day. The …