Public health studies indicate that artificial light is a high-risk factor for metabolic disorders.
However, the neural mechanism underlying metabolic modulation by light remains elusive …

During development, melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion
cells (ipRGCs) become light sensitive much earlier than rods and cones. IpRGCs project to …

The neural substrates for predatory hunting, an evolutionarily conserved appetitive behavior,
remain largely undefined. Photoactivation of zona incerta (ZI) GABAergic neurons strongly …

Light exerts profound effects on cognitive functions across species, including humans.
However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the effects of light on cognitive functions are …

Light in the environment greatly impacts a variety of brain functions, including sleep. Clinical
evidence suggests that bright light treatment has a beneficial effect on stress–related …

Orchestration of sleep and feeding behavior is essential for organismal health and survival.
Although sleep deprivation promotes feeding and starvation suppresses sleep, the …

For survival, animals encode prominent events in complex environments, which modulates
their defense behavior. Here, we design a paradigm that assesses how a mild aversive cue …

Adjusting decision-making under uncertain and dynamic situations is the hallmark of
intelligence. It requires a system capable of converting feedback information to renew the …

Background Rodents have been used for decades to probe neural circuits involved in
behavior. Increasingly, attempts have been developed to standardize training paradigms …

Understanding how the brain controls behavior requires observing and manipulating neural
activity in awake behaving animals. Neuronal firing is timed at millisecond precision …