Abstract The Industrial Revolution and the accompanying nutritional, epidemiological and
demographic transitions have profoundly changed human ecology and biology, leading to …

The Y chromosome is currently by far the most popular marker in genetic genealogy that
combines genetic data and family history. This popularity is based on its haploid character …

Help is directed towards kin in many cooperative species, but its nature and intensity can
vary by context. Humans are one of few species in which grandmothers invest in …

Life history theory has become a prominent framework in the evolutionary social sciences,
and the concept of trade-offs, the cornerstone of life history theory in studies on non-human …

BACKGROUND The human female reproductive lifespan is regulated by the dynamics of
ovarian function, which in turn is influenced by several factors: from the basic molecular …

Is fertility relevant to evolutionary analyses conducted in modern industrial societies? This
question has been the subject of a highly contentious debate, beginning in the late 1980s …

Life-history theory predicts that selection could favor the decoupling of somatic and
reproductive senescence if post-reproductive lifespan (PRLS) provides additional indirect …

Grandmothers provide key care to their grandchildren in both contemporary and historic
human populations. The length of the grandmother-grandchild relationship provides a basis …

Over the past half a century many countries have witnessed a rapid fall in total fertility rates,
particularly in the world's most advanced economies including the industrial powerhouses of …

Variation in sex differences is affected by both genetic and environmental variation, with
rapid change in sex differences being more likely due to environmental change. One case of …